词以类记｜11种不同雪况的英文表达(配实景图)，你最爱的是哪种雪？

For skiers above a basic level of proficiency(n.熟练), snow conditions can affect(v.影响) a slope’s difficulty more than the steepness(n.陡度). A steep(adj.陡峭的) chute(n.陡坡道) with 6 inches of fresh powder may be less daunting(adj.令人却步的) than an intermediate trail withhard-packed snow(硬冰雪道).Given the importance of snow conditions, skiers and boarders love to discuss various snow condition(雪况). Here’s a glossary(n.词汇表) .

❄️Corduroy When resorts groom trails overnight, the snowcats leave behind a pattern of small ridges in the snow that are reminiscent of corduroy fabric. Fresh corduroy is generally smooth and predictable, so it is a favorite of skiers who like to ski fast or “rip corduroy.”

☃️Corduroy/ˈkɔːdərɔɪ/本身的意思是灯芯绒，也就是我们经常说的面条雪，这种雪只有你起的够早才能见的到，适合练习刻滑。



❄️Corn Coarse, granular wet snow. Most commonly used by skiers describing good spring snow. Corn is the result of cycles of melting during the day and refreezing at night.This elusive snow is actually very desirable and often falls in the “hero snow” category, but it can be hard to time.Corn refers to the snow during the time window when it has become soft and forgiving, but not too wet and slushy. In other words, it’s the “Goldilocks” of snow—not too hard, not too soft, but just right.

☃️Corn /kɔːn/本身有谷粒、玉米的意思，此处指粗糙的、颗粒状的湿雪。经常出现在春天的雪况中，是由于白天的融化和夜晚的再冻结形成的一种雪况。我觉得从图上看有点像是绵白糖的感觉，有没有？这种雪比较软，容错性比较好，但还不至于太湿或者太“奶昔”，换句话讲，这种雪不太硬，不太软，刚刚好，滑起来还是很舒服的。



❄️Cornice An overhanging formation of windblown snow. Important in skiing and alpine climbing because the overhang can be unstable and hard to see from the windward side.

☃️Cornice /ˈkɔːnɪs/在建筑语境中指“飞檐”，此处指雪檐，冻结在悬崖边缘的突出的冰雪块，由风吹形成。在登山和滑雪中，雪檐的识别很重要，因为雪檐的某些部分的触动可能会导致坍塌。




❄️Crud The definition of crud can vary, but often it just means powder that has been tracked out to an extent. Crud can be fun to ski, but in a sense it’s the opposite of corduroy in that it’s unpredictable. Skiers must keep their balance going back and forth between deep and packed snow.

☃️Crud /krʌd/本意是污垢。此处的意思没有它本意听起来那么“脏”，而指的粉雪已经被“糟蹋”的差不多了的一种雪况，深度和表面不平均的雪，不像面条雪那样，无法预测雪况，使得转向和保持平衡比较困难。



❄️Crust A hard layer of snow on top of softer snow.

☃️Crust /krʌst/本意指面包皮、硬壳，还有地壳(地球最外边一层构造)的意思，此处指硬壳雪，在软雪上边覆盖的一层硬雪。



❄️Hard Pack Firm, icy snow conditions.

☃️Hard Pack 的本意是“硬包装”，此处引申为坚硬的冰面雪。



❄️Hero Snow This term is based more on subjective opinion, rather than specific physical characteristics of the snow. Hero snow is simply easy to ski, so you can “look like a hero” even with flaws in technique. For most skiers, this translates into forgiving soft snow that’s not too deep with a solid base underneath for making turns.

☃️Hero/ˈhɪərəʊ/是英雄的意思，这个术语是基于个人主观化的判断，并不是一种雪的状况。如果你觉得这个雪超级好滑，容错率很高，你在上边滑的时候有种高潮不断的感觉，你就可以用这个术语描述这种雪况。对于大部分的滑雪者，这种雪况指的是修压过的硬雪道上覆盖了一层不是太厚的软的粉雪，让转弯很舒服。

❄️Powder Freshly fallen, uncompacted snow.Fresh snow is held up as the Holy Grail for ski conditions. Especially when the fresh totals go above 6 inches or so, powder is not necessarily the easiest to ski for those who have never experienced such deep snow. Even with today’s wider skis, deep powder requires some technique adjustment, because turns happen inside a 3-D environment of snow, rather than completely on top of a surface. Learning the right technique is well worth the effort to experience the floating feeling of powder skiing.

☃️Powder /ˈpaʊdə(r)/本意有粉末的意思，此处指刚下的，松软的未压实过的粉雪。粉雪对于还不适应的新手来说并不是最好滑的一种雪况，尤其是很深的粉雪是需要一定的技术调整和适应的，比如在起步时身体重心靠后，随着滑行速度增大，重心可以慢慢回移到两腿中间；滑粉雪时一般都是开放式的小半径转弯来保持速度，否则横穿雪坡的大半径转弯很有可能使你速度不够陷进去。我自己最爱粉雪的漂浮感，真的像是在雪上冲浪一样！


❄️Packed powder It simply means skiers and boarders have packed down the snow, but it’s still fairly soft and skiable.

☃️Pack /pæk/当动词使用有一个意思表示挤满的，比如说to be packed with people意思是挤满了人。此处Packed powder指的是已经被滑雪者通过反复滑行而压实的粉雪，但也相对来说比较软，不是压成冰面那种，可以滑行。我们坐在缆车上时经常能看到缆车底下的雪道就是这种雪况。



❄️Slush Snow which partially melts upon reaching the ground, to the point that it accumulates in puddles of partially frozen water.

☃️Slush /slʌʃ/ 名词有融雪的意思，slushy形容词意思为半融化的，雪泥覆盖的；此处指表面部分融化的雪况，通常出现在雪季末天气转暖时。



❄️Wind slab A layer of relatively stiff, hard snow formed by deposition of wind blown snow on the leeward side of a ridge or other sheltered area. Wind slabs can form over weaker, softer freshly fallen powder snow, creating an avalanche hazard on steep slopes.

☃️Slab /slæb/本身有厚板、大块的意思，wind slab指在山脊的背风面，由风吹沉积而成的一层相对坚硬的雪。Wind slab可以在刚下的、松软的粉雪上形成，在陡坡上就会有产生雪崩的风险。



我把以上雪况起了正经的大名或是亲昵的小名，并按照我自己的喜爱程度/易滑程度排序，大概是这样的顺序：

Hero Snow高潮雪/Powder大粉雪 ＞ Crud被霍霍了的粉雪 ＞ Corduroy面条雪＞ Corn白糖雪/Packed powder被压实了的粉雪＞ Slush奶昔雪 ＞ Crust 硬壳雪＞ Hard Pack冰面雪 ＞Cornice雪檐/Windslab风积雪板

当然每个人感觉都会不大一样，你觉得呢？